A cohesive organizational structure is essential for coordinated efforts, effective resource planning, and enhanced governance outcomes. Additionally, dynamic power that enables efficient governance responses can enhance the resilience of socioal-ecological systems. This study aims to explore the organizational cohesion among stakeholders in the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations in Gachsaran County County, which serves as a pilot area for assessing effective local gov-ernance. The information exchange and cooperation among these stakeholders were analyzed using social network analysis methods, contrasting the results before and after the project's implementation. To achieve this, the betweenness centrality index at the micro level, along with the density, centralization, and average geodesic distance indices at the macro level of the network, were measured. The findings showed that before the implementation of the project, the Governorate, the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, and Technical and Vocational Training had the highest betweenness centrality, playing significant roles in controlling the flow of information and resources. After the project's implementation, the Governorate, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, and the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund were identified as the key actors with the highest betweenness centrality. The average betweenness centrality index indicated improved information flow and a more balanced distribution of key roles within the network, leading to increased efficiency and coordination among organizations. The macro-level network indices showed increased cohesion, reduced centralization, and faster information circu-lation compared to before the project's implementation. This study's approach can be applied to other regions to enhance local governance.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: Volar V-Y advancement flap for finger tip injury had been explained by atsoy in 1970 that are used routinely. This flap is suitable for amputations that tip of fingers were involved in middle nail as transverse. About the sensory of this flap in the finger with this procedure, there are many challenges, in our research. This problem was reviewed. This research was done in 15 Khordad Hospital during 1382.Material and Methods: This article is retrospective study. We had 60 patients with this tee. The patients were inspected sensory as light and static two point discrimination in flap region, periodically, the duration of this matter was for 3 month to 15 month.Results: This study 60 patients 42 male and 18 female in mean 25 years old. 36 patients sensory would Dysesthesia and Hyposthesia.Conclusion: sensory of volar V-Y advancement flaps in tip were not returned to usual condition. In order to get a better sensory Prefer other tec.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actions and results of the rural development policies and their effects on the efficiency and effectiveness of the rural development policy in the Sixth Development Plan and to apply the lessons learned in the Seventh Development Plan. Methodology: As to the purpose, the present research was applied and in terms of methodology, it was descriptive. In the general methodological framework of the research, to study the goals, outputs and consequences of sustainable rural development policies, policy monitoring method was used in order to monitor and evaluate the rural development policy in accordance with the Five-Year Sixth Development Plan. The statistical population of the research included the bills and laws of budgets and programs as well as reports on the performance of government and parliament in the field of rural development on the one hand, and critical and evaluation researches on rural development programs, on the other hand. In this regard, directional content analysis based on the above documents was used in the framework of policy monitoring method. Findings: Evaluation of rural development policy's performance in development programs focusing on the Sixth Development Plan shows that despite the success in the outputs, in terms of their consequences, they do not correspond to the predetermined goals. Besides, the evaluation of actions and outputs of rural development policies indicate a serious imbalance between the ratio of employment and production credits to physical, service and infrastructure credits, as well as incompatibility of objectives and elements of rural development policy with bills and laws. In addition, findings of the experiences in the field of critique and evaluation of rural development programs, the lack of a comprehensive approach in designing a model for rural development and finally, the lack of a specialized and efficient agent for supporting rural development policy are all the main sources of failure in reaching the desired objectives and tasks of the rural development policies in the Sixth Development Plan. Originality/Value: In addition to exposing a theoretical gap in the investigated area, this research has also explained the evaluation framework of the rural development policy based on the components of sustainable rural development. From a practical point of view, using the policy analysis method, it has provided the possibility for evaluating the performance of the rural development policy based on the latest implementation measures in the development plans.

Background and Objective: Significant decline of groundwater reservoirs in all plains of the country and its adverse consequences are intensifying day by day, so the purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the trend of favorable and unfavorable changes in the national plan to rehabilitate and balance the country's groundwater resources. Material and Methodology: According to the purpose of this research, from all upstream documents in water science and engineering, including water resources balance reports of the country's study areas, summary reports and feedback of regional water companies in all provinces after the implementation of this national plan and extracting information from library resources and face-to-face talks with Experts from the Ministry of Energy were used. Findings: According to the latest available information (Ministry of Energy), there are more than 858,000 active wells in the country, of which about 50 billion cubic meters are discharged for various purposes. During the last half century, as a result of depletion of groundwater resources more than the feeding of aquifers and consecutive droughts, more than 410 out of 609 study areas of the country have been banned. With the aim of balancing water withdrawal with natural discharge capacity and repairing lost groundwater reserves over a period of 20 years, the plan to rehabilitate and balance groundwater resources in 2014 was approved by the Supreme Water Council and control the average annual deficit 5.6 billion cubic meters of aquifers (leading to the water year 2015-16) have been defined and planned in the 5-year period of the Sixth Plan in the country. In this regard, the Ministry of Energy has developed an action plan at the level of provinces and study areas covered. Discussion and Conclusion: With the passage of a decade since the implementation of this national plan, in this study, the results of the field performance at the level of the country's provinces were extracted and compared with the annual goals. Considering the trend, it becomes clear that the extent of water governance for the protection of underground water resources is in an unfavorable situation. The results show that not supporting this plan will face the country with irreparable challenges and consequences in the not too distant future.

The objective of resistive economy overall policies is creating appropriate environment for Iran’s economy movement on a sustainable growth path. Planning based resistive economy require to be dealt with Any disruptive factor for sustainable growth and plan strategies to be chosen so that minimize risks and uncertainties relevant to achieve to its goals. Survey about performance of Iran’s economy show that moreover, low mean of performance key variables, Iran’s economy has high volatilities. The base of low performance and its volatility return to two main factors, namely inappropriate economy policies and so impulses derived external sanctions. The common mode of the factors, namely inappropriate economy policies and impulses derive in how use of oil resources. Dependence on government revenue and so foreign exchange earnings to oil revenues and its crude sale is the main problem of Iran and until a solution isn’t found for that, unsustainability in Iran’s economy will continue. The purpose of this study was to find a long-term solution to reduce dependence on oil revenues in 6th development plan or use of resistive economy strategies. Regarding to world oil outlook, use of oil in sectors such as transportation, industry especially petrochemical, household/ commercial/ agriculture consumptions and power generation instead of crude oil sale, can be resolve the problem.

Nowadays, learning does not stop after graduation, but it is considered as the starting point for the development of human resources in the occupation and in this regard, one of the tools to strengthen learning in individuals' professions is the individual development plan. In fact, this plan is a practical tool and a precise schedule to meet the professional needs of employees in line with the goals of the organization and employees’ occupation. Although the usage of this tool is very common, no purposeful study has been done in order to familiarize researchers with the various results of numerous global researches in the field of its implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the findings of global studies on the implementation of individual development plan and its effectiveness in organizations. The results of a total of 23 global and local researches indicate that most of them have emphasized the significant effectiveness of IDP implementation on the development of knowledge, improvement of professional skills and performances of employees, encouragement of professional responses and promotion of employabilities of the individuals. On the other hand, the results of some researches have considered the individual nature of this plan to be the cause of neglecting the macro-organizational strategies; and therefore, these studies have highlighted the lack of motivation and persuasion of the feedback method, the lack of effects on professional actions at the workplace, the ornamental nature and also unrealistic application of this plan. In some other studies, having sufficient support to implement the plan, the type of organizational learning environment, attention to work teams, leadership style, decentralization, and also supporting the coaches in their guiding roles have been mentioned as the factors and conditions for the effectiveness of this plan’s implementation.

This article investigates the governing ideologies of the third and second plan of Development, by using Barrington Moore Jr. "Development program" Theory and also Robert Merton "Means and goals" theory, in order to show the rate of inconsistency between goals and means and also ideological conflict in these two plans. To gain this objectives, first, we explained social, cultural, economic and political principles of socialism and liberalism and then, used the method of content analysis for final goals, policies (middle goals), and provision (means) in these two plans. The results show that in both two plan. mostly the goals were socialistic and the means were often liberelistic.Also the rate of inconsistency between goals and means in the second plan was less than the first plan.

Introduction: The governance of desert and arid regions, such as southeastern Iran, faces complex challenges for sustainable development and resource management. These regions are defined by scarce water, fragile ecosystems, and intricate socio-economic dynamics, all of which underscore the need to understand stakeholder interactions. The urgency for effective governance is heightened by factors like climate change, population growth, and the need for equitable resource allocation. Analyzing the power structures and interaction patterns among organizations is crucial for successful development initiatives, as traditional hierarchical governance models are often insufficient. Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides a valuable framework for examining the relational dynamics and power distribution within these systems. This study uses an SNA approach to investigate the institutional power structure and interactions among governmental and non-governmental organizations in Taftan county, a developing desert region of southeastern Iran. The primary goal is to analyze how these interaction patterns and power distributions evolved after the implementation of the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations. The findings will provide practical insights for future development strategies in similar contexts. Materials and Methods: This study strategically employed Social Network Analysis (SNA) to map and analyze relationships among key organizations involved in rural development in Taftan County, a desert and arid region. The research focused on the rural development governance network of Taftan County. The network's boundaries were defined to include all organizational institutions directly involved in rural development, with a specific focus on those influenced by a recent development plan. A purposive sampling strategy, supplemented by snowball sampling, was used to identify and include a comprehensive list of stakeholders. This process involved: Reviewing project-related documents, conducting interviews with experts, Examining the county's broader organizational landscape. Data were collected using specialized SNA questionnaires administered to organizational representatives. The questionnaires were designed to capture the existence, nature, and intensity of interactions both before and after the implementation of the development plan. Interactions were categorized by type, including collaboration, information exchange, participation, service provision, and resource support, and were often measured using Likert scales. Collected data were structured into adjacency matrices, which were then processed using UCINET 6 software. The software was used to calculate key network metrics, with a specific focus on micro-level centrality measures such as degree, betweenness, and closeness. These metrics were analyzed to understand shifts in power dynamics and relational patterns that resulted from the development intervention. Network structures were visually represented using NetDraw software. Results and Discussion: The network analysis revealed distinct interaction and power distribution patterns in Taftan County both before and after the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations. Before the plan, the network displayed a hierarchical structure centered on traditional government bodies. The Agricultural Jihad Organization had a high out-degree centrality, positioning it as a primary source of information dissemination. The Governorate exhibited high in-degree centrality, reflecting its central role as a key coordinator. The Governorate and the Technical and Vocational Training Center both had relatively high betweenness centrality, indicating their important intermediary roles in connecting different parts of the network. Conversely, organizations such as the Industry, Mining, and Trade Organization and the Electricity Distribution Management had lower closeness centrality, suggesting they were more distant from the network's core. Following the plan's implementation, the network's structure showed significant changes. While the Agricultural Jihad Organization and the Governorate maintained their central positions, new actors gained prominence. The Hope Entrepreneurship Fund and the Cultural Heritage Organization saw a notable increase in both betweenness and closeness centrality. This shift suggests that these organizations strengthened their brokerage roles and gained improved access to the network's resources and information. This change likely reflects the development plan's strategic focus on economic empowerment and cultural tourism. The findings indicate a clear redistribution of institutional power within the governance network. Organizations whose objectives were aligned with the new development plan's priorities, particularly in entrepreneurship and cultural heritage, gained increased prominence. This supports existing research on the dynamic nature of power in governance networks and highlights how targeted development interventions can successfully reshape stakeholder influence and collaboration. Conclusion: This research successfully utilized Social Network Analysis (SNA) to examine the changes in the institutional power structure within Taftan County's governance network following the implementation of the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations. The findings confirm that the plan led to a notable shift in interaction patterns and power distribution among organizational stakeholders. While traditional authorities, such as the Agricultural Jihad Organization and the Governorate, maintained their central roles, other organizations gained significant prominence. Specifically, the Hope Entrepreneurship Fund and the Cultural Heritage Organization exhibited increased betweenness and closeness centrality. This suggests they have developed stronger intermediary roles and improved their access to resources and information within the network. This redistribution of power highlights how a strategic development plan can effectively realign a governance network to support its key objectives. The study underscores the value of SNA as a robust methodology for understanding the dynamic nature of governance networks and for evaluating the impact of development interventions in arid regions. For future research, it would be beneficial to explore the qualitative aspects of these new interactions and to assess the long-term sustainability of the observed network changes.